EXAMINATION OF THE LEGAL CONCEPTS AND THEORIES IMPACTING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Climate change poses a significant challenge globally, with Nigeria being particularly vulnerable due to its exposure to environmental risks such as desertification, flooding, and rising temperatures. In response, Nigeria has developed several legal and policy frameworks aimed at mitigating climate related impacts and fostering environmental sustainability. However, these frameworks often fall short due to weak enforcement, limited public engagement, and insufficient alignment with international climate commitments. This article critically examines the legal concepts and theories influencing Nigeria’s response to climate change, focusing on national legislation, international obligations, and judicial interpretations. The study aims to explore the nature and scope of climate change and its specific impacts on Nigeria; assess the effectiveness of existing legal and institutional frameworks in addressing these challenges; evaluate the extent to which Nigeria’s laws align with and implement international climate obligations; and compare Nigeria’s climate legal regime with that of India to draw useful comparative insights. Ultimately, it seeks to identify gaps and propose actionable recommendations for enhancing legal enforcement, promoting sustainable development, and improving institutional responses to climate risks in Nigeria. Using a doctrinal research approach, the article analyzes both primary and secondary legal sources through content analysis. Findings reveal that while Nigeria’s climate laws and policies are comprehensive on paper, they are inadequately enforced due to political and institutional shortcomings. The study concludes with key recommendations for strengthening Nigeria’s climate-related legal structures and implementing more robust strategies to combat climate change effectively.